The Magic School RETURNS! TMS #3: Damage Basics

Welcome back!
  I know I've slacked on The Magic School, so here I am with what I hope is an interesting read for you this time around.

  From time to time, we need to be reminded of the basic rules of the game. Sometimes we make things so complex (and in this game, rightfully so!) that even the simplest rules start to get questions because "it can't be that simple!"

  Today's topic isn't exactly simple, but it's not the most difficult either (Hello Stack! Good to see ya Layer rules!). If you understand the examples, you'll get the basics of how damage works.

So now that class is back in session...let's begin!